Талмуд к Маасер шени 4:11

הַמּוֹצֵא כְלִי וְכָתוּב עָלָיו קוּ"ף, קָרְבָּן. מ', מַעֲשֵׂר. ד', דְּמַאי. ט', טֶבֶל. ת', תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁבִּשְׁעַת סַכָּנָה הָיוּ כוֹתְבִין ת' תַּחַת תְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כֻּלָּם שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי אָדָם הֵם. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֲפִלּוּ מָצָא חָבִית וְהִיא מְלֵאָה פֵרוֹת וְכָתוּב עָלֶיהָ תְּרוּמָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חֻלִּין, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר אֶשְׁתָּקַד הָיְתָה מְלֵאָה פֵרוֹת תְּרוּמָה, וּפִנָּהּ:

Тот, кто находит сосуд и на нем написано « куф » [еврейское письмо, с которого начинается еврейское слово «жертва»], это жертва. [Если у него есть] " Mem " [еврейская буква, которая начинается с еврейского слова для десятины], то это десятина. [Если у него есть « Daled » [еврейское письмо], это Демай . [Если есть] « Tet » [иврит письмо], это Тевли [untithed продукция]. [Если у него есть « Таф » [еврейское письмо], это Терума [продукция, освященная для священнического потребления], поскольку в опасное время они написали бы « Таф » вместо « Терума ». Раввин Йосси говорит, что это [инициалы] имен людей. Раввин Йосси сказал: «Даже если человек найдет бочку, и она полна фруктов, и на ней написано:« Терума », это Чулин , потому что я говорю, что в последний раз он был наполнен фруктами Терумы , и он опустошил [их]. "

Jerusalem Talmud Maaser Sheni

MISHNAH: All found coins¹⁴⁰The Maimonides autograph Mishnah and the Cambridge codex of the Galilean Mishnah add: “in Jerusalem”. But in Jerusalem during the holidays, all coins found are considered tithe money, and the rest of the year coins found in the animal market are presumed to be tithe money since the main use of tithe money is for well-being sacrifices; Mishnah Šeqalim7:2. Therefore, the text here is preferable and the meaning is that coins found anywhere, except in Jerusalem in the few instances enumerated in Šeqalim 7:2, are to be considered profane. are profane, even gold denars with silver or change¹⁴¹Here one could argue that silver and change are the tithe exchange for the gold coin which was the original tithe money.. If one found with them a potsherd reading “tithe”, it is tithe.
If one finds a vessel inscribed “sacrifice”, Rebbi Jehudah said, if it was pottery it is profane and its contents sacrifice¹⁴²A clay pot is too cheap to have been dedicated to the Temple. Therefore, only its contents are dedicated. The Sages do not oppose this statement., but if it was metal it is sacrifice and its contents profane¹⁴³Everybody agrees that metal vessels are valuable enough to be dedicated. Therefore, the vessel has to be considered Temple property (it cannot be a sacrifice). R, Jehudah holds that without further evidence, the contents of the vessel have to be considered profane, but the anonymous Sages hold that nobody uses a dedicated vessel to store profane material.. They said to him, people do not put profane in sacrifice [vessels].
If one finds a vessel inscribed ק it means sacrifice, מ tithe, ד demay, ט ṭevel, ת heave since in times of danger one wrote ת for heave¹⁴⁴This proves the status of anything in the vessel. Again “sacrifice” means “dedicated to the Temple”.. Rebbi Yose says, all these are people’s names¹⁴⁵Everything is profane.. Rebbi Yose said, even if he found an amphora full of produce and inscribed “heave”, these are profane since I say last year it was full of tithe produce but he emptied it.
If somebody said to his son, “Second Tithe is in that corner” but he found it in another corner, that is profane¹⁴⁶We assume the tithe was removed and what was found in another corner is other produce. Since 100 denar (a talent) are a part of 200, one assumes that 100 was taken and 100 remains. On the other hand, 100 cannot grow to 200; 100 must be new money.. “There is a talent” but he found 200, the remainder is profane. “200” and he found 100, all is tithe.

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